Jurgen Osterhammel, in his work on Colonialism has indicated that the concept of formal empire suggests a condition of forced rule by one nation over another, where indigenous political systems are replaced by those of the conqueror, pre colonial policies cease to exist or function with any real effectiveness and all diplomatic relations of the colonized are taken over by the foreign power. The notion of Imperialism implies a feeling of superiority, of the inherent right of a powerful nation to expand its territory beyond its boundaries, to take land and resources which the ‘Imperator’ believes are rightfully his as ordained by God and Fate, and to bear the burden of ‘civilized’ men, to spread their notion of civilization to unsuspecting, ‘barbaric’ nations. Osterhammel however adds an interesting twist to this well-established idea: “Imperialism presupposes the will and the ability of an imperial center to define as imperial its own national interests and enforce them worldwide… Imperialism thus implies not only colonial politics, but international politics for which colonies are not just ends in themselves, but also pawns in global power games…(It) allows for a worldwide protection of interests and for capitalist penetration of large economic areas.”
Reference:
Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview
by Jurgen Osterhammel